Friday, December 24, 2010
Friday, December 17, 2010
Tuesday, December 14, 2010
SKELETON ORTHODONTIC CLASSIFICATION OF FACE
Classification of Teeth
The classification of bites are broken up into three main categories: Class I, II, and III.
Class1:
Class I is a normal relationship between the upper teeth, lower teeth and jaws or balanced bite.
Class I is a normal relationship between the upper teeth, lower teeth and jaws or balanced bite.
| Normal | Crowding | Spacing |
ClassII:
Class II is where the lower first molar is posterior (or more towards the back of the mouth) than the upper first molar. In this abnormal relationship, the upper front teeth and jaw project further forward than the lower teeth and jaw. There is a convex appearance in profile with a receding chin and lower lip. Class II problems can be due to insufficient growth of the lower jaw, an over growth of the upper jaw or a combination of the two. In many cases, Class II problems are genetically inherited and can be aggravated by environmental factors such as finger sucking. Class II problems are treated via growth redirection to bring the upper teeth, lower teeth and jaws into harmony.
Class II is where the lower first molar is posterior (or more towards the back of the mouth) than the upper first molar. In this abnormal relationship, the upper front teeth and jaw project further forward than the lower teeth and jaw. There is a convex appearance in profile with a receding chin and lower lip. Class II problems can be due to insufficient growth of the lower jaw, an over growth of the upper jaw or a combination of the two. In many cases, Class II problems are genetically inherited and can be aggravated by environmental factors such as finger sucking. Class II problems are treated via growth redirection to bring the upper teeth, lower teeth and jaws into harmony.
| Division 1 | Division 2 |
ClassIII:
Class III is where the lower first molar is anterior (or more towards the front of the mouth) than the upper first molar. In this abnormal relationship, the lower teeth and jaw project further forward than the upper teeth and jaws. There is a concave appearance in profile with a prominent chin. Class III problems are usually due to an overgrowth in the lower jaw, undergrowth of the upper jaw or a combination of the two. Like Class II problems, they can be genetically inherited.
Class III is where the lower first molar is anterior (or more towards the front of the mouth) than the upper first molar. In this abnormal relationship, the lower teeth and jaw project further forward than the upper teeth and jaws. There is a concave appearance in profile with a prominent chin. Class III problems are usually due to an overgrowth in the lower jaw, undergrowth of the upper jaw or a combination of the two. Like Class II problems, they can be genetically inherited.
| | |
Classification of Face
It is not sufficient to categorize orthodontic malocclusions on the basis of a classification of the teeth alone. The relationship with other craniofacial structures must also be taken into consideration.
Class 1:
| Maxillary-Mandibular Dental Protrusion — teeth: This is an example of a dental malocclusion that may require the removal of teeth for correction. | Maxillary-Mandibular Dental Retrusion — teeth: This is an example of a dental malocclusion that may be treated with expansion rather than removing teeth. |
Class 2:
| Maxillary Dental Protrusion — teeth: This malocclusion may require the removal of teeth. | Mandibular Retrognathism — jaws: The lower jawbone has not grown as much as the upper jaw. This example of a Class II malocclusion demonstrates the need for early growth guidance. | Maxillary Dental Protrusion — teeth & Mandibular Retrognathism — jaws: These Class malocclusions are more difficult to treat due to the skeletal disharmony and may require orthognathic surgery in conjunction with orthodontic treatment. |
Class 3:
| Mandibular Dental Protrusion — teeth: The lower teeth are too far in front of the upper teeth. This malocclusion is treated with orthodontic procedures which may require the extraction of teeth due to the dental protrusion. | Mandibular Prognathism — jaws: The lower jaw bone has outgrown the upper jaw. This malocclusion is more difficult to treat due to the skeletal disharmony and may require orthognathic surgery in conjunction with orthodontic treatment. |
Tuesday, December 7, 2010
Wednesday, December 1, 2010
Early Childhood Caries Prevalence in KSA
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Prevalence of Dental Caries
Early Childhood Caries risk group
•Prevalence of Dental Caries
•5 times more common than asthma
•
•7 times more common than hay fever
•
Caries Rate
•18% aged 2 to 4 years
•
•52% aged 6 to 8 years
•67% aged 12 to 17 years
•
•
among children in Saudi Arabia, including
preschool children.10-12 Several studies have
reported caries prevalence among preschool
children in various parts of Saudi Arabia.10-12 Wyne
et al.10 examined a random sample of preschool
children in Al-Ahsa, in the Eastern Region of
Saudi Arabia, and reported a caries prevalence
of 62.7% with a mean dmft score of 2.9 in
those children. Al-Malik et al. reported a caries
prevalence of 73% with a mean dmft score of 4.8
among a random sample of 2-5-year-old children
•
Paul examined 5-year-old children in two
nurseries in Al-Kharj, a small town in the Central
Region of Saudi Arabia, and reported a caries
prevalence of 83.5% with a mean dmft score of
8.5 among these children
•
A total of 789 preschool children, 379 (48%) male
and 410 (52%) female, were examined for dental
caries. Mean age of the children was 4.7 (SD
0.5) years ranging from three to five years. Three
hundred and fifty one (44.5%) children were from
government preschools and 438 (55.5%) from
private preschools.
•
The overall caries prevalence
among the sample was 74.8%. There was no
significant difference (p>.05) in caries prevalence
in relation to gender of the children. However,
the caries prevalence was significantly higher
(p<.05) among children in government preschools
as compared to children in private preschools
(Table 1).
•Table 1. Caries prevalence in relation to gender and type of preschool.
•
•Table 2. Tooth-specific caries prevalence in preschool children.
•High-Risk Groups for Caries
•Children with special health care needs
•
•Children from low socioeconomic and ethnocultural groups
•
•Children with suboptimal exposure to topical
or systemic fluoride
or systemic fluoride
•
•Children with poor dietary and feeding habits
•
•Children whose caregivers and/or siblings
have caries
have caries
•
•Children with visible caries, white spots,
plaque, or decay
plaque, or decay
•Socioeconomic Factors
The rate of early childhood dental caries is near epidemic proportions in populations with low socioeconomic status.
•Ethnocultural Factors
•Increased rate of dental caries in certain ethnic groups
•Diet/feeding practices and child-rearing techniques influenced by culture
•
Thank you
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